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The evaluation of nipple drinkers and the Lot system for determining adequate water flow for broiler chickens conducted by J.M. Cornelison, A.G. Hancock, A.G. Williams, L.B. Davis, N.L. Allen, and S.E. Watkins, published by the University of Arkansas Poultry Tips, reveals that unexplained poor performance in birds may occasionally occur. Although production issues can arise from countless sources, certain common situations should not be overlooked. When management factors are adequate yet birds are still underperforming, it's time to closely examine the feed boxes and drinkers to determine if mold growth is the source of the problem.

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Results

The average weekly fixed flow measurements for all drinking systems are demonstrated in Table 1. For all drinkers except Ziggity Max3, flows were similar across both experiments. In the first experiment, the Ziggity Max3 system maintained a fixed flow of 10 ml/min during the first four weeks. In the second experiment, the flow for this drinker was 10, 15, 20, and 27 ml/min for the first, second, third, and fourth weeks, respectively. It was not possible to measure the fixed flow for the SparkCup lines as this line was a cup system.

Data indicate that drinkers managed according to Lot's flow guidelines were maintained closely according to recommendations. While statistically significant differences in fixed flows were found, the Roxell SparkNipple was the only system resulting in a fixed flow higher than Lot's recommendations. However, no statistical differences were observed concerning body weights in any of the measured periods (Table 2).

Though not significant, in the first experiment on day 42, body weights of broiler chickens fed using Ziggity Max3 drinkers were slightly lower than those on other systems. This weight decrease was due to drinker management at very low fixed flows (below 10 ml/min) during the first four weeks. Importantly, the body weights of broiler chickens fed using Ziggity Max3 in the second experiment were similar to those of chickens fed on other systems. This outcome provides a strong argument against restricting drinker flows and illustrates that even a slight increase or decrease in flow rates can significantly impact bird performance. No significant differences were observed among drinker types regarding feed conversion or overall mortality (Tables 3 and 4).

However, these trends did not persist, and there were no statistical differences in consumption among the various lines for the remainder of the experiment. Consumption of water could not be measured on the SparkCup drinker, as the line requires high water pressure entering the regulator to function correctly. Furthermore, it was impossible to maintain the water pressure entering the regulator on the CHORE-TIME line once the birds reached four weeks. At that time, the line was connected to the home main system.

Values for litter moisture, obtained from samples collected under each drinking line, are provided in Table 6. The highest moisture was obtained from litter collected under SparkNipples, while the lowest values were found under the Campbell system. It is critical to note that the litter samples were collected directly under each drinking line, thus the moisture levels did not represent the entire pen.

Conclusion

Throughout both experiments, the performance of broiler chickens was assessed on eight drinking lines managed according to the manufacturers' operational procedures. The trials confirm that no two water systems are managed in the same manner and that proper management of drinking systems is essential for maximizing broiler chicken performance.

The experiments indicate that fixed flow rates vary significantly between the different tested lines. Additionally, the results suggest that while useful, Lot's flow equation is not necessarily the best tool for managing flow across all drinkers. On the other hand, fixed flow measurements of the drinker can help identify inconsistencies in drinking systems across the farm, within a house, and even within a particular line. Therefore, fixed flow measurements are valuable tools when used correctly. However, it is crucial to understand and adhere to the recommendations set forth by the manufacturer of the drinking system for optimal results.