Apr. 30, 2024
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There are three lasers that are primarily purchased.
Diode Lasers are very simple lasers that use a high powered light emitter to burn material. They usually use Blue Diodes that run at about 445 - 450nm (1.6W - 4.5W) or Red Diodes that run at about 200mW - 300mW or 700mW. The Red Diodes are cheaper and weaker than the Blue diodes. Diodes do not use mirrors or lenses and therefore are rather weak compared to the other two laser cutter types. They are primarily used for engraving and marking items more than cutting but they are still able to cut with multiple passes.Usually used for paper and thin organic material.
Fiber Lasers use a optical fiber and use a rare earth medium like neodymium, thulium, erbium, ytterbium, dysprosium, praseodymium, or holmium to make the laser more powerful. Fiber lasers are incredibly expensive (the MOST expensive) but require much less maintenance and are much more durable and efficient with its power usage. They can be used for cutting, marking, welding, engraving, cleaning and more. Fiber lasers are the only laser described here that are able to do extensive work with metal, including cutting metal.
CO2Lasers are some of the most commonly bought lasers on the market. Their lasers are created inside of gas filled glass tubes when a large electrical pulse is sent through the tube and excites the molecules into a intense beam of infrared light. These lasers come in a large range of wattage, anywhere from 30W to120W, where the lower wattage is best for engraving and the higher ranges are better for cutting. These lasers require a water or air cooling system to keep the tube from over heating. Once the beam is emitted from the tube it is bounced across three mirrors and shot through a focusing lens before it marks/cuts the material. Because of the use of mirrors, lens and higher power, gas assist is highly recommended to extend life of accessories. They can be used to mark, engrave or cut through most materials excluding metal,
There are three different types of CO2 Laser Cutter companies, American made, Chinese Imported/American Audited, and Chinese Lasers. Each have their pros and cons.
American Made Laser Cutters are usually high quality machines that cut and engrave faster. The manuals come in english, everything works out of the box, software is reliable and easier to use, and there is a great support to be had by both the manufacturers and community. The main problem is going to be the size of the laser and the costs. The cheapest "decent" laser cutter will be around $4000. A truly reliable and good quality laser cutter will cost you $8000 and up. That will just be for the laser cutter itself, you must also take into consideration how much water chillers for the cooling system will cost, air compressors for the gas assist and new laser tubes for when the old ones die and the cost to have someone come install it. All these accessories will be much more expensive because they are american made. Companies include Glowforge and Full Spectrum Laser (lower quality), Epilog Lasers, Trotec Lasers and Kern Lasers (VERY HIGH QUALITY)
Chinese Imported/American Audited Laser Cutters are Chinese knock-offs that have had parts replaced and the entire system has been checked by american companies. This can include making sure the laser tube and power supply are up to par and working right. That the gantry is in line properly, mirrors are good, servo controller is good, software is not faulty, and everything is safe. Along with this you get warranties on parts and the same customer service you would get with an American Made Laser Cutter. Which means if you have any problems you can ask the company or community about it and get it solved quicker and easier. Lasers like these are not as expensive as American Made Lasers but they are not cheap by any means and usually run about $3500 - $8000. Accessories are cheaper though because you don't need as high quality pieces and can install them yourself most the time. Companies include Universal Lasers, Rabbit Lasers, and Boss Lasers, G.Weike. Each company is good quality but different people have their own preferences.
Chinese Lasers are just what the name implies, laser cutters made by chinese companies and sold in the US or imported to the US. Like most things from China, these lasers are subpar at best. Much of the time the lasers are just put together at the bare minimum, sometimes screws aren't tightened all the way. Tubes are broken during shipping or are sold as a stronger tube than they are. Power supplies are defective. Gantries are not properly square. Mirrors are broken or physically can not be aligned properly. The controllers are not compatible with most software or are defective. Instructions and program are not in English occasionally. These are all problems that COULD happen, not that WILL happen. A lot of the time, if you do your research, you will still get a good machine that can do the same work as the other two types, just slower and with a bit more work put into it. Effectively, Chinese Lasers are for tinkerers. You will not be able to get any useful support from the manufacturer but there is a HUGE community for chinese lasers. All you have to look up is K40 lasers, or K50 lasers, which are references to the "40W" and "50W" laser tubes that the most commonly owned laser cutters use. With that you will find tons of forums, discussions, videos and tutorials about your laser, or at least a laser similar to yours. As far as companies and branding goes, many of the chinese lasers are just referred to as "White and Blue" "Red and White" Lasers and so on. In reality they are all the EXACT same laser, with small differences the company might have made to them, maybe they put in a different controller, or you have a motorized bed, or the power supply is of better quality. Either way most people get their lasers of off Ebay (unreliable cause of so many options) Amazon (Little better Quality) Walmart (almost good quality because they offer warranties) and a number of other websites, but these are the main ones. My laser is available on both Amazon and Walmart, it is the Orion Motor Tech laser, the Dark Grey and Blue one that is 50W. As I was assuming, it actually had a 40 Watt laser tube in it instead of a 50 Watt, but the reason I still purchased it was because it had everything ELSE for a 60 Watt laser!!! All that needs to be done is open up a bracket and install the tube when the initial one dies. I bought it from Walmart and I'd say it is a reliable way to go. Cost for a K40 is usually around $400 while the higher quality one i got was more around $1500. The tubes will be much more cheaper, the pumps and air compressors usually come with the machine (mine did) and it leaves room for adding and upgrading your system.
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